Coupling gasket and bar linkage for friction-fit range reducer

ABSTRACT

A seal for a pipe coupling can include an outer gasket defining a radially inner surface defining a plurality of grooves; and an inner gasket separably joined to the outer gasket and defining a radially outer surface, the radially outer surface defining a plurality of ridges extending radially outward and including: a first ridge, each of first and second side surfaces of the first ridge angled in cross-section with respect to a radial direction of the inner gasket towards a first axial end of the inner gasket when in an uncompressed state; and a second ridge, each of first and second side surfaces of the second ridge angled in cross-section with respect to the radial direction towards a second axial end of the inner gasket when in the uncompressed state; wherein the radially outer surfaces of the inner and outer gaskets contact each other.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.15/908,137, filed Feb. 28, 2018, which is hereby specificallyincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD Field of Use

This disclosure relates to pipe couplings. More specifically, thisdisclosure relates to a pipe couplings for use with a wide range of pipediameters.

Related Art

Pipe couplings are commonly used to connect two pipe lengths together toform a pipe connection assembly, such as when installing a pipe systemor pipe infrastructure. Many pipe couplings and seals of the pipecouplings, however, can only accommodate a narrow range of pipe sizes.For example, a pipe coupling or seal manufactured to American Society ofMechanical Engineers (ASME) standards may not be compatible with a pipelength manufactured to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). A 6″ nominalpipe length manufactured to JIS can define an outside diameter of 165.2mm while a 6″ nominal pipe length manufactured to ASME standards candefine an outside diameter of 168.3 mm. Many common pipe couplings andseals cannot tolerate the range of outside diameters between standards,nominal pipe sizes, excessive manufacturing tolerance, or ovality of thepipe lengths without developing leaks or failing to seal. As a result, amanufacturer, distributor, and user of such pipe couplings typicallymust fabricate or have available a different seal or even pipe couplingfor each size pipe or pipe element that may be encountered.

SUMMARY

It is to be understood that this summary is not an extensive overview ofthe disclosure. This summary is exemplary and not restrictive, and it isintended to neither identify key or critical elements of the disclosurenor delineate the scope thereof. The sole purpose of this summary is toexplain and exemplify certain concepts of the disclosure as anintroduction to the following complete and extensive detaileddescription.

In one aspect, disclosed is a pipe coupling comprising: a coupling bodydefining a first body end and a second body end distal from the firstbody end, a coupling bore defined by and extending through the couplingbody from the first body end to the second body end; an end ringattached to the coupling body proximate to the first body end, the endring comprising: a split ring defining a first ring end, a second ringend, and a radially inner surface; and a seal disposed within the splitring, the split ring configured to compress the seal radially inward ina compressed state of the pipe coupling, the seal comprising: an outergasket defining a radially outer surface and a radially inner surface,the radially inner surface of the outer gasket defining a plurality ofgrooves, each of a first side surface and a second side surface of a oneof the plurality of grooves angled in cross-section with respect to aradial direction of the seal towards a first axial end of the seal whenthe outer gasket is in an uncompressed state; and an inner gasketseparably joined to the outer gasket, the inner gasket defining aradially outer surface, the radially outer surface of the inner gasketdefining a plurality of ridges engaged with the plurality of grooves ofthe outer gasket, each of a first side surface and a second side surfaceof a first ridge of the plurality of ridges angled in cross-section withrespect to a radial direction of the inner gasket towards the firstaxial end of the seal when the inner gasket is in an uncompressed state,the radially outer surface of the inner gasket contacting the radiallyinner surface of the outer gasket; and a fastener configured to draw thefirst ring end of the split ring towards the second ring end of thesplit ring.

In a further aspect, disclosed is a seal for a pipe coupling, the sealcomprising: an outer gasket defining a radially inner surface, theradially inner surface defining a plurality of grooves; and an innergasket separably joined to the outer gasket, the inner gasket defining aradially outer surface, the radially outer surface defining a pluralityof ridges, each of the plurality of ridges extending radially outwardrelative to an axis of the inner gasket, the plurality of ridgescomprising: a first ridge, each of a first side surface and a secondside surface of the first ridge angled in cross-section with respect toa radial direction of the inner gasket towards a first axial end of theinner gasket when the inner gasket is in an uncompressed state; and asecond ridge, each of a first side surface and a second side surface ofthe second ridge angled in cross-section with respect to a radialdirection of the inner gasket towards a second axial end of the innergasket when the inner gasket is in the uncompressed state; wherein theradially outer surface of the inner gasket contacts the radially innersurface of the outer gasket.

In yet another aspect, disclosed is a bar linkage for a pipe coupling,the bar linkage comprising: a first bar configured to be orientedparallel to an axis of the pipe coupling and span two end rings thereof;a second bar configured to be oriented parallel to an axis of the pipecoupling and span the two end rings thereof; and a tensioner joining thefirst bar to the second bar and configured to draw the first bar towardsthe second bar; each of the first bar and the second bar intersecting anaxis of the tensioner.

Various implementations described in the present disclosure may compriseadditional systems, methods, features, and advantages, which may notnecessarily be expressly disclosed herein but will be apparent to one ofordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following detaileddescription and accompanying drawings. It is intended that all suchsystems, methods, features, and advantages be included within thepresent disclosure and protected by the accompanying claims. Thefeatures and advantages of such implementations may be realized andobtained by means of the systems, methods, features particularly pointedout in the appended claims. These and other features will become morefully apparent from the following description and appended claims, ormay be learned by the practice of such exemplary implementations as setforth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate several aspects of the disclosureand together with the description, serve to explain various principlesof the disclosure. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.Corresponding features and components throughout the figures may bedesignated by matching reference characters for the sake of consistencyand clarity.

FIG. 1 is a perspective front view of a pipe connection assemblycomprising a pipe coupling being assembled to a first pipe and a secondpipe, the pipe coupling comprising a coupling body, a first end ring, asecond end ring, and a bar linkage in accordance with one aspect of thecurrent disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an exploded front perspective view of the pipe coupling ofFIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the pipe coupling of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is an end view of the pipe coupling of FIG. 1 showing a portionof the first end ring in cross-section where in contact with the barlinkage.

FIG. 5 is an exploded top plan view of the bar linkage of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 6 is an exploded side perspective view of a seal of each of thefirst end ring and the second end ring of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 7 is an end view of the seal of FIG. 6 .

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the seal of FIG. 6 taken along line 8-8 ofFIG. 7 .

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of an outer gasket of the seal of FIG. 6taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 7 .

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of an inner gasket of the seal of FIG. 6taken along line 9-9 of FIG. 7 .

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an O-ring of the seal of FIG. 6 takenalong line 9-9 of FIG. 7 .

FIG. 12 is a detail sectional perspective view of the inner gasket ofFIG. 10 .

FIG. 13 is a detail partial sectional perspective view of the outergasket of FIG. 9 .

FIG. 14 is a sectional perspective view of the pipe coupling of FIG. 1in an untightened condition taken along line 12-12 of FIG. 4 .

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of the pipe connection assembly of FIG. 1 inan assembled and tightened condition from the perspective of line 15-15of FIG. 4 in accordance with another aspect of the current disclosure inwhich the second pipe has a larger diameter than the first pipe.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure can be understood more readily by reference tothe following detailed description, examples, drawings, and claims, andtheir previous and following description. However, before the presentdevices, systems, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is tobe understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specificdevices, systems, and/or methods disclosed unless otherwise specified,as such can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that theterminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularaspects only and is not intended to be limiting.

The following description is provided as an enabling teaching of thepresent devices, systems, and/or methods in their best, currently knownaspect. To this end, those skilled in the relevant art will recognizeand appreciate that many changes can be made to the various aspectsdescribed herein, while still obtaining the beneficial results of thepresent disclosure. It will also be apparent that some of the desiredbenefits of the present disclosure can be obtained by selecting some ofthe features of the present disclosure without utilizing other features.Accordingly, those who work in the art will recognize that manymodifications and adaptations to the present disclosure are possible andcan even be desirable in certain circumstances and are a part of thepresent disclosure. Thus, the following description is provided asillustrative of the principles of the present disclosure and not inlimitation thereof.

As used throughout, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” includeplural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus,for example, reference to a quantity of one of a particular element cancomprise two or more such elements unless the context indicatesotherwise. In addition, any of the elements described herein can be afirst such element, a second such element, and so forth (e.g., a firstwidget and a second widget, even if only a “widget” is referenced).

Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value,and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range isexpressed, another aspect comprises from the one particular value and/orto the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed asapproximations, by use of the antecedent “about” or “substantially,” itwill be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. Itwill be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges aresignificant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently ofthe other endpoint.

For purposes of the current disclosure, a material property or dimensionmeasuring about X or substantially X on a particular measurement scalemeasures within a range between X plus an industry-standard uppertolerance for the specified measurement and X minus an industry-standardlower tolerance for the specified measurement. Because tolerances canvary between different materials, processes and between differentmodels, the tolerance for a particular measurement of a particularcomponent can fall within a range of tolerances.

As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that thesubsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, andthat the description comprises instances where said event orcircumstance occurs and instances where it does not.

The word “or” as used herein means any one member of a particular listand also comprises any combination of members of that list.

In one aspect, a pipe coupling and associated methods, systems, devices,and various apparatuses are disclosed herein. In one aspect, the top barcoupling can comprise a coupling body, a first end ring, a second endring, and a bar linkage. It would be understood by one of skill in theart that the disclosed top bar coupling is described in but a fewexemplary embodiments among many. No particular terminology ordescription should be considered limiting on the disclosure or the scopeof any claims issuing therefrom.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective front view of a pipe connection assembly 200in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure. The pipeconnection assembly 200 can comprise a pipe coupling 100, a first pipeelement 210 defining a pipe axis 201, and a second pipe element 220defining a pipe axis 202. The pipe coupling 100 can comprise a couplingbody 110, a first end ring 130 a, a second end ring 130 b, and a barlinkage 170. The pipe coupling 100 can be a top-bar pipe coupling. Inone aspect, as shown, each of the pipe elements 210, 220 can comprise apipe. In other aspects, either pipe element 210, 220 can comprise anyother pipe component connectable to the pipe coupling 100 such as, forexample and without limitation, a fitting, an adapter, an extension, oran elbow.

The coupling body 110 can define an inner body surface 111 and an outerbody surface 112. The coupling body 110 can define a first body end 115a (shown in FIG. 2 ) and a second body end 115 b (shown in FIG. 2 ). Thesecond body end 115 b can be disposed opposite and distal from the firstbody end 115 a. The inner body surface 111 can define a coupling bore118 extending through the coupling body 110 from the first body end 115a to the second body end 115 b. The coupling bore 118 can define a firstbore opening 116 a (shown in FIG. 4 ) at the first body end 115 a and asecond bore opening 116 b (shown in FIG. 2 ) at the second body end 115b.

The first pipe element 210 can define a first outer pipe surface 212.The second pipe element 220 can define a second outer pipe surface 222.The first pipe element 210 can be inserted into the coupling body 110through the first body end 115 a, and the second pipe element 220 can beinserted into the coupling body 110 through the second body end 115 b.

In some aspects, the coupling body 110 can define a substantiallytubular shape, and the coupling bore 118 can define an axis 101. Morespecifically, in some aspects, an inner diameter of the coupling bore118 can be constant from the first body end 115 a to the second body end115 b. In other aspects, the coupling bore 118 can vary from the firstbody end 115 a to the second body end 115 b. For example and withoutlimitation, the diameter of the coupling bore 118 can be greater betweenthe first body end 115 a and the second body end 115 b compared to thediameter at the first body end 115 a or the second body end 115 b. Morespecifically, each of a first axial portion and the second axial portionof the coupling body 110 can define a frustoconical shape which cantaper from a centerline 124 of the coupling body 110 towards the firstbody end 115 a and the second body end 115 b, respectively. The couplingbody 110 can define a first flange 114 a disposed at the first body end115 a, and a second flange 114 b (shown in FIG. 2 ) disposed at thesecond body end 115 b. Each of the flanges 114 a,b can extend radiallyoutward from the coupling body 110.

The first end ring 130 a can be coupled to the coupling body 110 at thefirst body end 115 a, and the second end ring 130 b can be coupled tothe coupling body 110 at the second body end 115 b. Each end ring 130a,b can respectively comprise a split ring 132 a,b, a seal 300 a,b (seal300 a shown in FIG. 2 ) disposed within the respective split ring 132a,b, a bridge piece 134 a,b, and a pair of end ring joints 140 a,b, 140c,d (140 a shown in FIG. 2 ). In some aspects, as shown, the split rings132 a,b can receive the respective flanges 114 a,b of the coupling body110 when the end rings 130 a,b are coupled to the respective body ends115 a,b.

The bar linkage 170 can comprise a first bar 172 a, a second bar 172 b,and a tensioner 176. The tensioner 176 can attach the first bar 172 a tothe second bar 172 b. The first bar 172 a can define a first bar end 174a and a second bar end 174 c disposed opposite from the first bar end174 a. The second bar 172 b can define a first bar end 174 b and asecond bar end 174 d disposed opposite from the first bar end 174 b.

The tensioner 176 can attach to the first bar 172 a at a point definedbetween the first bar end 174 a and the second bar end 174 c. Thetensioner 176 can attach to the second bar 172 b at a point definedbetween the first bar end 174 b and the second bar end 174 d. In someaspects, as shown, the tensioner 176 can be disposed between the firstend ring 130 a and the second end ring 130 b, and the tensioner 176 cansubstantially align with the centerline 124 of the coupling body 110. Insome aspects, as shown, the first bar 172 a, the second bar 172 b, andthe tensioner 176 can substantially define an H-shape with the bars 172a,b forming the sides of the “H” and the tensioner 176 forming thecross-bar of the “H”.

Each of the bars 172 a,b can extend from the first split ring 132 a atthe first body end 115 a to the second split ring 132 b at the secondbody end 115 b. The first bar end 174 a of the first bar 172 a canengage the first end ring joint 140 a of the first split ring 132 a, andthe second bar end 174 c can engage the first end ring joint 140 c ofthe second split ring 132 b. The first bar end 174 b of the second bar172 b can engage the second end ring joint 140 b of the first split ring132 a, and the second bar end 174 d can engage the second end ring joint140 d of the second split ring 132 b.

As shown in FIG. 2 , the first split ring 132 a can be shaped as a majorarc extending about the axis 101, and the first split ring 132 a canencircle a majority of a circumference of the first body end 115 a. Thefirst split ring 132 a can define a first ring end 138 a and a secondring end 138 b. The first bridge piece 134 a can circumferentiallyoverlap the first ring end 138 a and the second ring end 138 b andextend across the distance from the first ring end 138 a to the secondring end 138 b. The first split ring 132 a and the first bridge piece134 a can together completely encircle the circumference of the firstbody end 115 a. A first end ring joint 140 a of the end ring joints 140a,b,c,d can be secured to or formed with the first ring end 138 a, and asecond end ring joint 140 b of the end ring joints 140 a,b,c,d can besecured to or formed with the second ring end 138 b. The end ring joints140 a,b can extend substantially radially outward from the respectivering ends 138 a,b with respect to the axis 101.

The second split ring 132 b can also be shaped as a major arc extendingabout the axis 101, and the second split ring 132 b can encircle amajority of a circumference of the second body end 115 b. The secondsplit ring 132 a can define a first ring end 138 c and a second ring end138 d. The second bridge piece 134 b can circumferentially overlap thefirst ring end 138 c and the second ring end 138 d and extend across thedistance from the first ring end 138 c to the second ring end 138 d. Thesecond split ring 132 b and the second bridge piece 134 b can togethercompletely encircle the circumference of the second body end 115 b. Afirst end ring joint 140 c of the end ring joints 140 a,b,c,d can beattached to the first ring end 138 c, and a second end ring joint 140 dof the end ring joints 140 a,b,c,d can be attached to the second ringend 138 d. The end ring joints 140 c,d can extend substantially radiallyoutward from the respective ring ends 138 c,d with respect to the axis101.

In some aspects, as shown, the bar linkage 170 can be in a disengagedposition corresponding to an untightened condition of the pipe coupling100, and the first pipe element 210 and/or the second pipe element 220can be freely inserted or removed from the pipe coupling 100. In thedisengaged position, each of the first split ring 132 a and the secondsplit ring 132 b can be in a relaxed state. In the relaxed state, eachof the seals 300 a,b can be uncompressed, and a gap can be definedbetween the seals 300 a,b and the respective pipe elements 210, 220. Theseals 300 a,b may not form a seal with the respective outer pipesurfaces 212, 222 when the seals 300 a,b are uncompressed and the splitrings 132 a,b are in the relaxed state. Each split ring 132 a,b can beresilient, and each split ring 132 a,b can define a positional memorywhich biases the split rings 132 a,b towards the relaxed state.

The first split ring 132 a can define a groove 150 a extendingcircumferentially around the first split ring 132 a from the first ringend 138 a to the second ring end 138 b. Similarly, the second split ring132 b can define a groove 150 b extending circumferentially around thesecond split ring 132 b from the first ring end 138 c to the second ringend 138 d. Each of the grooves 150 a,b can be configured to receive aone of the flanges 114 a,b of the coupling body 110 to secure the endring 130 a,b to the respective body ends 115 a,b. The first ring ends138 a,c can be stretched away from the respective second ring ends 138b,d in order to provide clearance for the split rings 132 a,b to slipover the respective flanges 114 a,b and into the grooves 150 a,b.

The tensioner 176 can control a position of the bar linkage 170 and atension in each of the split rings 132 a,b. Tensioning the tensioner 176can draw the bars 172 a,b together in a tensioning direction 104 whichdraws the first rings ends 138 a,c towards the respective second ringends 138 b,d, thereby increasing the tension within the respective splitrings 132 a,b. Releasing the tensioner 176 can allow the bars 172 a,b tomove in a relaxing direction 102 which spreads the bars 172 a,b furtherapart from one another which allows the first ring ends 138 a,c andsecond rings ends 138 b,d to spread apart, thereby relaxing the tensionof the split rings 132 a,b. Tensioning the tensioner 176 can place thebar linkage 170 in an engaged position as shown. Releasing the tensioner176 can place the bar linkage 170 in a disengaged position as shown.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the first bar 172 a can define a ball 370a,c disposed at each bar end 174 a,c, respectively. Similarly, thesecond bar 172 b can define a ball 370 b,d disposed at each bar end 174b,d, respectively. Each end ring joint 140 a,b,c,d can define a concavesocket 340 a,b,c,d, respectively. The concave sockets 340 a,b,c,d caneach be configured to receive a different one of the balls 370 a,b,c,d,respectively, to from a ball joint 740 a,b,c,d. With the bar linkage 170in the disengaged position, the bar linkage 170 can be attached to theend rings 130 a,b by compressing the first ring ends 138 a,c slightlytowards the second ring ends 138 b,d and engaging the balls 370 a,b,c,dwith the respective concave sockets 340 a,b,c,d. Because of the concaveshape of the concave sockets 340 a,b,c,d, the balls 370 a,b,c,d insidethe concave sockets 340 a,b,c,d, thereby retain the bar linkage 170 inplace and attach the bar linkage 170 to each end ring 130 a,b. In someaspects, the end ring joints 140 a,b,c,d can define the balls 370a,b,c,d and the bars 172 a,b can define the sockets 340 a,b,c,d.

As shown in FIG. 4 and as reflected in other figures, each of the bars172 a,b can be shaped to minimize a distance in a radial direction Rbetween a closest portion of an axis 501 along which the fastener 510 ofthe tensioner 176 is aligned and the coupling body 110, the radiallyinnermost portion of the end ring joints 140 a,b,c,d, or the axis 101.More specifically, as shown in FIG. 14 , these distances can be reducedby shaping each of the bars 172 a,b to curve around the end rings 130a,b or by otherwise defining cutouts 1410 a,b (shown in FIG. 14 ) in aradially inward facing surface of each of the bars 172 a,b. For exampleand without limitation, minimizing an offset distance 450 measured fromthe axis 101 to the axis 501 and an offset distance 460 measured from anintersection of the split ring 132 a,b and the end ring joint 140a,b,c,d to an intersection of the ball 370 a,b,c,d and the correspondingsocket 340 a,b,c,d can reduce the stress on the welded connectionbetween the end ring joints 140 a,b,c and the end rings 130 a,b and canalso reduce the overall size of the pipe coupling 100. As shown in FIG.4 , the axis 501 can be aligned in a horizontal plane with the center ofeach ball joint 740 a,b,c,d so that there is not twisting of the barlinkage 170 in a tightened position as may occur when the axis 501 isnot aligned in a horizontal plane with the center of each ball joint 740a,b,c,d.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the tensioner 176 can comprise a fastener 510, awasher 518, and a nut 524, which can be aligned and assembled along theaxis 501. In some aspects, the fastener 510 can be a bolt as shown. Inother aspects, the fastener 510 can be a different type of fastener suchas a screw or any other suitable fastener. The fastener 510 can define afirst end 512 a and a second end 512 b opposite from the first end 512a. The fastener 510 can define a head 514, which can be a hex head insome aspects, disposed at the first end 512 a. The fastener 510 candefine external threading 516 at the second end 512 b.

The washer 518 can define a planar surface 520 and a curved surface 522disposed opposite from the planar surface 520. The nut 524 can define aplanar surface 526 and a curved surface 528 disposed opposite from theplanar surface 526. In some aspects, each of the curved surfaces 522,528 can define a convex shape, such as one being cylindrical. In otheraspects, the curved surfaces 522, 528 can define a different convexshape, such as, for example and without limitation, one being spherical.Each of the bars 172 a,b can define a curved surface 530 a,b which caneach define a concave shape formed complimentary to the curved surfaces522, 528. As shown, each of the curved surfaces 530 a,b can be definedmidway between the corresponding first bar end 174 a,b and thecorresponding second bar end 174 c,d of the respective bars 172 a,b.Each of the balls 370 a,b,c,d can be disposed at an inner side of therespective bar 172 a,b. A distance D1 can be defined between the firstbar end 174 a of the first bar 172 a and the first bar end 174 b of thesecond bar 172 b. A distance D2 can be defined between the second barend 174 c of the first bar 172 a and the second bar end 174 d of thesecond bar 172 b.

As previously shown, the seal 300—representing each of the seals 300a,b—can be disposed within the corresponding split ring 132 a,b, and thesplit ring 132 a,b can be configured to compress the seal 300 radiallyinward in a compressed state of the pipe coupling 100.

As shown in FIGS. 6-8 , the seal 300 can comprise an outer gasket 600,an inner gasket 700, which can also be described as a “range reducer,”and an O-ring 800. The outer gasket 600, the inner gasket 700, and theO-ring 800 can be aligned and assembled along the axis 101 and a sealaxis 401. As shown, each of the outer gasket 600, the inner gasket 700,and the O-ring 800 can have an annular shape. Likewise, the assembledseal 300 (shown in FIG. 7 ) can have an annular shape. In some aspects,the seal 300 can comprise a single O-ring 800. In other aspects, theseal 300 can comprise more than one O-ring 800. In other aspects, theseal 300 need not comprise any O-rings 800.

In some aspects, the seal 300 can define a substantially rectangularcross-section. In other aspects, the seal 300 can define a differentcross-sectional shape such as, for example and without limitation,triangular, round, rhomboidal, or trapezoidal. In some aspects, the seal300 can define grooves or channels configured to facilitate compressionof the seal 300. The seal 300, in some aspects, can also define internalfeatures, such as a seal bore 318 extending through the seal 300. Theseal bore 318 can be aligned with the axis 101 and the seal axis 401.

The outer gasket 600 can define a radially inner surface 601 and aradially outer surface 602. The outer gasket 600 can define a firstaxial end surface 603 (shown in FIG. 9 ) and a second axial end surface604 in respective axial ends 605, 606 (605 shown in FIG. 8 ) of theouter gasket 600. The outer gasket 600 can define a cavity 650 in one ofthe axial ends 605, 606. As shown, the outer gasket 600 can define thecavity 650 in the second axial end surface 604 of the second axial end606 of the seal 300. The outer gasket 600 can further define a pluralityof vacuum-release passages 680, each of which can be a hole, groove, orcutout, in the second axial end surface 604 of the second axial end 606of the seal 300 adjacent to and intersecting the cavity 650. Theradially inner surface 601 of the outer gasket 600 can define aplurality of grooves 610. The radially outer surface 602 of the outergasket 600 can meanwhile define a cylindrical portion 620.

The inner gasket 700, which can be separably joined to the outer gasket600, can define a radially inner surface 701 and a radially outersurface 702. By being “separably joined” to the outer gasket 600, theinner gasket 700 can be selectively separated or removed from or joinedto the outer gasket 600 as desired by the user. The inner gasket 700 candefine a first axial end surface 703 (shown in FIG. 10 ) and a secondaxial end surface 704 in respective axial ends 705, 706 (705 shown inFIG. 8 ) of the inner gasket 700. The radially outer surface 702 of theinner gasket 700 can define a plurality of ridges 710. In some aspects,the radially inner surface 701 of the inner gasket 700 can define afirst conical portion 720 and a second conical portion 730 angled withrespect to the first conical portion 720. In other aspects, the radiallyinner surface 701 of the inner gasket 700 can define a single conicalportion such as the first conical portion 720. In other aspects, theradially inner surface 701 of the inner gasket 700 can define acylindrical portion (not shown). Either one of the first conical portion720 and the second conical portion 730 can ease installation of the pipecoupling 100 over the pipe elements 210, 220 (or, as may be desired, theinsertion of the pipe elements 210, 220 into the pipe coupling 100). Theincorporation of either one or both of the first conical portion 720 andthe second conical portion 730 can also provide a higher stressconcentration on the axial end 705, 706 of the inner gasket 700 definingthe smaller diameter.

The O-ring 800 can define an outer surface 802 and an O-ring diameter817 (shown in FIG. 7 ) measured to a section center 801 (shown in FIG. 7) of a cross-section of the O-ring 800. The O-ring 800 can furtherdefine a profile diameter 807 (shown in FIG. 11 ).

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 , the O-ring 800 can be positioned or disposedwithin an outer portion 656 (shown in FIG. 8 ) of the cavity 650 definedin the outer gasket 600. Each of the seal 300 and the inner gasket 700can measure a minimum inner diameter 317. Each of the seal 300 and theouter gasket 600 can measure an outer diameter 327. In some aspects, asshown, the plurality of vacuum-release passages 680 can be spaced evenlyabout a circumference of the seal 300, and more specifically about acircumference of a portion of the outer gasket 600. Even morespecifically, the outer gasket 600 can define, for example and withoutlimitation, six of the vacuum-release passages 680 in the second axialsurface 604 of the second axial end 606. As shown in FIG. 7 , each ofthe plurality of vacuum-release passages 680 can appear as asemicircular cutout defined in a wall at least partially defining thecavity 650 such as a radially outward facing wall 651 (shown in FIG. 9).

As shown in FIG. 8 , the radially outer surface 702 of the inner gasket700 can contact and engage the radially inner surface 601 of the outergasket 600. The seal 300 can define a radially inner surface 301, aradially outer surface 302, a first axial end 305, and a second axialend 306. Again, the seal 300 can further define the plurality ofvacuum-release passages 680, which can be defined in and extend from thesecond axial end 306 of the seal 300—or in and from the second axial end606 of the outer gasket 600—or from a second axial end 306 of the seal300—or in and from the second axial end 606 of the outer gasket 600.Each of the plurality of vacuum-release passages 680 can extend past theO-ring 800 to an inner portion 658 of the cavity 650. The inner portion658 of the cavity 650 can be defined axially beyond the O-ring 800relative to an axial end such as the axial end 606 in which the cavity650 can be defined, and each of the plurality of vacuum-release passages680 can be configured to allow movement of fluid such as water to andfrom the inner portion 658 of the cavity 650. In some aspects, as shown,the O-ring 800 can contact both the radially outward facing wall 651 anda radially inward facing wall 652 (shown in FIG. 9 ). In other aspects,the O-ring 800 can contact either the radially outward facing wall 651or the radially inward facing wall 652 but not both of the walls 651,652. As shown, the axial ends 605, 606 of the outer gasket 600 can beflush with the axial ends 705, 706 of the inner gasket 700.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the radially inner surface 601 of the outer gasket600 can define a plurality of grooves 610 a,b,c, each of which will bedescribed in more detail below. Each of the plurality of grooves 610a,b,c can extend radially outward relative to the seal axis 401 of theseal 300 and into the outer gasket 600 from the radially inner surface601. In some aspects, each of the outer portion 656 and the innerportion 658 can be circular in cross-section. More specifically, theouter gasket 600 can define a diameter 653 for the outer portion 656 ofthe cavity 650 and a diameter 655 for the inner portion 658 of thecavity 650. In other aspects, each of the outer portion 656 and theinner portion 658 can have a non-circular shape in cross-section. Inother aspects, the outer portion 656 and the inner portion 658 need notmatch at all or match exactly the profile of the O-ring 800. In someaspects, the diameter 653 of the outer portion 656 can be substantiallyequal to the profile diameter 807 of the O-ring 800 or slightly smallerto ensure a tight fit. In some aspects, the diameter 655 of the innerportion 658 can be less than the diameter 653 of the outer portion 656.In other aspects, the diameter 655 of the inner portion 658 can be equalto or greater than the diameter 653 of the outer portion 656. A nominalthickness 626 of the outer gasket 600 in the radial direction R can bemeasured from a radially innermost portion of the radially inner surface601 to the radially outer surface 602.

As shown in FIG. 10 , the radially outer surface 702 of the inner gasket700 can define a plurality of ridges 710 a,b,c, each of which will bedescribed in more detail below. Each of the plurality of ridges 710a,b,c can extend radially outward relative to the seal axis 401 of theseal 300 and away from the inner gasket 700 from the radially outersurface 702. As shown, the first conical portion 720 and the secondconical portion 730 can intersect at an intersection edge 725 defined onthe radially outer surface 702.

FIG. 11 shows the O-ring 800 in cross-section with the aforementionedouter surface 802, the section center 801, and the profile diameter 807.In some aspects, as shown, the O-ring 800 can be circular incross-section. In other aspects, the O-ring 800 can have a non-circularshape in cross-section.

In some aspects, the radially inner surface 701 of the inner gasket 700can define a conical—or frustoconical—shape in cross-section. As shownin FIG. 12 , the first conical portion 720 can be angled with respect tothe seal axis 401 (shown in FIG. 6 ) and therefore also with respect toan axial direction A by a taper angle 727, while the second conicalportion 730 can be angled with respect to the seal axis 401 andtherefore also the axial direction A by a taper angle 737. In someaspects, the taper angle 737 of the second conical portion 730 can begreater than the taper angle 727 of the first conical portion 720. Inother aspects, the taper angle 737 of the second conical portion 730 canbe less than or equal to the taper angle 727 of the first conicalportion 720.

In other aspects, the radially inner surface 701 can define a singlecontinuous conical portion 720 that can be angled with respect to theseal axis 401 and therefore also an axial direction A by the taper angle727. In other aspects, the radially inner surface 701 of the innergasket 700 can define a convex or rounded shape in cross-section (asshown in the pipe coupling 100 of FIG. 14 ). A nominal thickness 726 ofthe inner gasket 700 in the radial direction R can be measured from theintersection point 725 to a portion of the radially outer surface 702not defining the ridges 710 a,b,c, which can be a portion of theradially outer surface 702 from which the ridges 710 a,b,c extend from.

As shown, the radially outer surface 702 of the inner gasket 700 candefine the plurality of ridges 710 a,b,c. Each of the plurality ofridges 710 a,b,c can define a first side surface 714 a,b,c and a secondside surface 716 a,b,c, respectively. As shown, the first side surfaces714 a,b,c can face partially radially inward and toward from the innergasket 700, and the second side surfaces 716 a,b,c can face partiallyradially outward and away from the inner gasket 700. In some aspects,the first side surface 714 a and the second side surface 716 a of thefirst ridge 710 a of the plurality of ridges 710 a,b,c can be angled incross-section with respect to the radial direction R. Likewise, each ofthe first side surface 714 b and the second side surface 716 b of thesecond ridge 710 b of the plurality of ridges 710 a,b,c can be angled incross-section with respect to the radial direction R of the inner gasket700. The first side surface 714 c and the second side surface 716 c ofthe third ridge 710 c of the plurality of ridges 710 a,b,c can be angledin cross-section with respect to the radial direction R of the innergasket 700.

More specifically, each of the first side surfaces 714 a,b,c can beangled in cross-section with respect to the radial direction R towards aone of the axial ends 705, 706 of the inner gasket 700 by acorresponding slope angle 715 a,b,c. Similarly, each of the second sidesurfaces 716 a,b,c can be angled in cross-section with respect to theradial direction R towards a one of the axial ends 705, 706 of the innergasket 700 by a corresponding slope angle 717 a,b,c.

As shown, any one of the first side surfaces 714 a,b,c and thecorresponding second side surface 716 a,b,c can be angled towards eachother, in which case the corresponding ridge 710 a,b,c can form a taperin cross-section. In other aspects, any one of the first side surfaces714 a,b,c and the corresponding second side surface 716 a,b,c can beangled away from each other, in which case the corresponding ridge 710a,b,c can form a dovetail shape in cross-section. In other aspects, anyone of the first side surfaces 714 a,b,c can be parallel to thecorresponding second side surface 716 a,b,c, in which case thecorresponding ridge 710 a,b,c can form a rectangular shape incross-section.

Each of the ridges 710 a,b,c can define a third surface 712 a,b,c, whichcan extend from the first side surface 714 a,b,c to the second sidesurface 716 a,b,c and can thereby intersect both the first side surface714 a,b,c to the second side surface 716 a,b,c. In some aspects, thethird surface 712 a,b,c can be aligned in cross-section with the axialdirection A. In other aspects, the third surface 712 a,b,c can be angledin cross-section with respect to the axial direction A.

At least one of the plurality of ridges 710 a,b,c and the correspondingside surfaces 714 a,b,c and 716 a,b,c can be angled in cross-sectionwith respect to the radial direction R towards the axial end 705, 706that it opposite from the axial end 705, 706 towards which another ofthe ridges 710 a,b,c and its corresponding side surfaces 714 a,b,c areangled. For example and without limitation, each of the first sidesurface 714 a and the second side surface 716 a of the first ridge 710 acan be angled in cross-section with respect to the radial direction Rtowards the first axial end 705 of the inner gasket 700, while each ofthe first side surface 714 c and the second side surface 716 c of thethird ridge 710 c can be angled in cross-section with respect to theradial direction R towards the second axial end 706 of the inner gasket700.

As shown in FIG. 13 , the radially inner surface 601 of the outer gasket600 can define the plurality of grooves 610 a,b,c. Each of the pluralityof grooves 610 a,b,c can define a first side surface 614 a,b,c and asecond side surface 616 a,b,c, respectively. As shown, the first sidesurfaces 614 a,b,c can face partially radially outward and towards theouter gasket 600, and the second side surfaces 616 a,b,c can facepartially radially inward and away from the outer gasket 600. In someaspects, the first side surface 614 a and the second side surface 616 aof the first groove 610 a of the plurality of grooves 610 a,b,c can beangled in cross-section with respect to the radial direction R.Likewise, each of the first side surface 614 b and the second sidesurface 616 b of the second groove 610 b of the plurality of grooves 610a,b,c can be angled in cross-section with respect to the radialdirection R of the outer gasket 600. The first side surface 614 c andthe second side surface 616 c of the third groove 610 c of the pluralityof grooves 610 a,b,c can be angled in cross-section with respect to theradial direction R of the outer gasket 600.

Adjacent grooves 610 a,b,c of the grooves 610 a,b,c can form ridges 618a,b therebetween. Adjacent ridges 710 a,b,c of the ridges 710 a,b,c canform grooves 718 a,b therebetween.

More specifically, each of the first side surfaces 614 a,b,c can beangled in cross-section with respect to the radial direction R towards aone of the axial ends 605, 606 of the outer gasket 600 by acorresponding slope angle 615 a,b,c. Similarly, each of the second sidesurfaces 616 a,b,c can be angled in cross-section with respect to theradial direction R towards a one of the axial ends 605, 606 of the outergasket 600 by a corresponding slope angle 617 a,b,c.

As shown, any one of the first side surfaces 614 a,b,c and thecorresponding second side surface 616 a,b,c can be angled towards eachother, in which case the corresponding groove 610 a,b,c can form a taperin cross-section. In other aspects, any one of the first side surfaces614 a,b,c and the corresponding second side surface 616 a,b,c can beangled away from each other, in which case the corresponding groove 610a,b,c can form a dovetail shape in cross-section. In other aspects, anyone of the first side surfaces 614 a,b,c can be parallel to thecorresponding second side surface 616 a,b,c, in which case thecorresponding groove 610 a,b,c can form a rectangular shape incross-section.

Each of the grooves 610 a,b,c can define a third surface 612 a,b,c,which can extend from the first side surface 614 a,b,c to the secondside surface 616 a,b,c and can thereby intersect both the first sidesurface 614 a,b,c to the second side surface 616 a,b,c. In some aspects,the third surface 612 a,b,c can be aligned in cross-section with theaxial direction A. In other aspects, the third surface 612 a,b,c can beangled in cross-section with respect to the axial direction A.

At least one of the plurality of grooves 610 a,b,c and the correspondingside surfaces 614 a,b,c and 616 a,b,c can be angled in cross-sectionwith respect to the radial direction R towards the axial end 605, 606that it opposite from the axial end 605, 606 towards which another ofthe grooves 610 a,b,c and its corresponding side surfaces 614 a,b,c areangled. For example and without limitation, as described above each ofthe first side surface 614 a and the second side surface 616 a of thefirst groove 610 a can be angled in cross-section with respect to theradial direction R towards the first axial end 605 of the outer gasket600, while each of the first side surface 614 c and the second sidesurface 616 c of the third groove 610 c can be angled in cross-sectionwith respect to the radial direction R towards the second axial end 606of the outer gasket 600.

As reflected in the angle of one or more of the side surface such as theside surfaces 614 a,b,c and the side surfaces 714 a,b,c, each of thegrooves 610 a,b,c of the outer gasket 600 and each of the ridges 710a,b,c of the inner gasket 700 can define an edge that overhangs slightlypast a base portion of the groove 610 a,b,c or the ridge 710 a,b,c. Morespecifically, portions of the side surfaces 614 a,b,c as well as aradially innermost portion of the radially inner surface 601 of theouter gasket 600 can overhang the third surfaces 612 a,b,c (which candefine a radially outermost portion of the radially inner surface 601 ofthe outer gasket 600). Likewise, portions of the side surfaces 714 a,b,cas well as the third surfaces 712 a,b,c (which can define a radiallyoutermost portion of the radially outer surface 702 of the inner gasket700) can overhang a radially innermost portion of the radially outersurface 702, which can comprise the grooves 718 a,b. These “overhanging”features of the grooves 610 a,b,c of the outer gasket 600 and the ridges710 a,b,c of the inner gasket 700 can create interference between theouter gasket 600 and the inner gasket 700. This interference can bebeneficial in keeping the inner gasket 700 locked to the outer gasket600 in a similar manner to a “tail” of a dovetail joint being heldcaptive between “pins” of a dovetail joint. This interference can alsobe overcome with a prying force when an installation does not requirethe inner gasket 700. In some aspects, as shown, the side surfaces 714a,b,c that resemble a dovetail in structure and appearance—for example,the side surfaces 714 a and 714 c—can be defined in separate ridges 710a,b,c such as the ridges 710 a,c. In other aspects, as described herein,the individual ridges 710 a,b,c can form a dovetail shape incross-section.

As shown, a width and a height of the grooves 610 a,b,c and thecorresponding ridges 710 a,b,c can be based on the ability of thegrooves 610 a,b,c to provide the desired stress concentration and on thetolerances associated with the materials and manufacturing methods usedin fabricating the seal 300 a,b.

Each of FIGS. 14 and 15 is a cross-section of the pipe connectionassembly 200 taken along lines 14-14 and 15-15 in FIG. 4 . As shown inFIG. 14 , the bar linkage 170 can be in the disengaged position, andeach of the split rings 132 a,b can be in the relaxed state. As shown inFIG. 15 , the bar linkage 170 can be in the engaged position, and eachof the split rings 132 a,b can be in the tensioned state. In each of therelaxed state and the tensioned state, the seal 300 a,b can define anaxial length 1400.

To assemble the first end ring 130 a, the first bridge piece 134 a canbe inserted into a gap defined between the first ring end 138 a and thesecond ring end 138 b to bridge the gap (and similarly, the bridge piece134 b can be inserted into a second gap defined between the first ringend 138 c and the second ring end 138 c to bridge the second gap). Alength of the bridge piece 134 a,b can be longer than the gap.Consequently, the first bridge piece 134 a,b can overlap the first ringend 138 a and the second ring end 138 b. The groove 150 a,b can receiveportions of an outer radial shoulder of the bridge piece 134 a,b. Withthe bridge piece 134 a,b bridging the gap between the corresponding ringends 138 a,b,c,d, the bridge piece 134 a,b and the split ring 132 a,bcan define a substantially circular shape.

The seal 300 a,b can be inserted into the split ring 132 a,b and thebridge piece 134 a,b from an axially inner side of the split ring 132a,b to complete assembly of the end ring 130 a,b. With the seal 300 a,binserted into the split ring 132 a,b and the bridge piece 134 a,b, thefirst axial end 305 a,b (shown in FIG. 15 ) can be in facing engagementwith an inner radial shoulder 434 a,b of the first split ring 132 a,band a corresponding inner radial shoulder of the bridge piece 134 a.With the seal 300 a,b positioned within the split ring 132 a,b, thebridge piece 134 a,b can be retained within the split ring 132 a bypreventing removal of the outer radial shoulder of the bridge piece 134a,b from the groove 150 a,b. The radially outer surface 302 a,b (shownin FIG. 15 ) can be positioned in facing engagement with an arcuateportion 430 a,b of the split ring 132 a,b and the arcuate portion of thebridge piece 134 a,b. Mounting the end ring 130 a,b on the flange 114a,b of the coupling body 110 can position the second axial end 306 a,b(shown in FIG. 15 ) of the seal 300 a,b in facing contact with theflange 114 a,b, as shown and further described with respect to FIG. 15 .

The first split ring 132 a can be circumferentially constricted to atensioned state (shown in FIG. 15 ) by drawing the first ring end 138 aand the second ring end 138 b together, thereby increasing tensionwithin the first split ring 132 a (and similarly the second split ring132 b can be circumferentially constricted to the tensioned state bydrawing the first ring end 138 c and the second ring end 138 d together,thereby increasing tension within the second split ring 132 b). Thefirst ring end 138 a,c can be drawn towards the second ring end 138 b,dby tensioning the tensioner 176 (shown in FIG. 1 ) of the bar linkage170 (shown in FIG. 1 ), to reduce the respective gap between the ringends 138 a,b and 138 c,d. Circumferentially constricting the split ring132 a,b can compress the seal 300 a,b radially inward. Such radialcompression can cause the seal 300 a,b to form a seal with the outerpipe surface 212, 222 (shown in FIG. 15 ) of the pipe elements 210, 220(shown in FIG. 15 ). The bridge piece 134 a,b can prevent seal 300 a,bfrom bunching, kinking, or bulging during circumferential constriction.

In the tensioned state, as shown in FIG. 15 , each of the split rings132 a,b can be circumferentially constricted around the seal 300 a,b andthe bridge piece 134 a, respectively, thereby reducing the diameter ofthe respective split ring 132 a,b. The seal 300 a,b can thereby beradially compressed against the outer pipe surface 212, 222 of the pipeelements 210, 220. Engagement between each of the flanges 114 a,b andthe corresponding groove 150 a,b can prevent the split ring 132 a,b fromwarping or deforming during tensioning of the tensioner 176 andcircumferential constriction of the split ring 132 a,b.

The radial compression of the seal 300 a,b can cause the seal bore 318a,b to form a seal with the outer pipe surface 212, 222. Radialcompression of the seal 300 a,b additionally can cause the seal 300 a,bto deform and axially lengthen due to von Mises stress within the seal300 a,b and the Poisson effect. The axial lengthening of the seal 300a,b can be restrained between the flange 114 a,b and the split ring 132a,b or the bridge piece 134 a,b. Residual pressure between the flange114 a,b and the axial end 306 a,b of the seal 300 a,b can produce a sealbetween the seal 300 a,b and the flange 114 a,b.

Circumferential constriction of each split ring 132 a,b can be limitedby either interference between the first ring ends 138 a,c (shown inFIG. 2 ) and the respective second ring ends 138 b,d (also shown in FIG.2 ) or interference between the flanges 114 a,b and an outer radial lip432 a,b of the respective split ring 132 a,b. Regarding interferencebetween the first ring ends 138 a,c and the second ring ends 138 b,d,once the first ring ends 138 a,c contact the second ring ends 138 b,d,the respective split ring 132 a,b cannot be further circumferentiallyconstricted. Regarding interference between the flanges 114 a,b and therespective outer radial lips 432 a,b, once the flanges 114 a,b bottomout in the respective grooves 150 a,b of the outer radial lips 432 a,b,the respective split ring 132 a,b cannot be further circumferentiallyconstricted. In some aspects, seals or gaskets defining an increasedradial thickness compared to the seal 300 a,b of the present disclosurecan be used to further accommodate pipes defining different outerdiameters.

The pipe coupling 100 can be compatible with a range of outer diametersfor the pipe elements 210, 220. The pipe coupling 100 can also be usedto join pipe elements 210, 220 defining different outer diameters asshown, such as joining the pipe element 210 defining an outer diameter217 to a pipe element 220 defining an outer diameter 227, including whenthe outer diameter 217 is less than the outer diameter 227. A diameterof the bore openings 116 a,b can be an upper limit for the outerdiameter of compatible pipe elements 210, 220. As shown, the seals 300a,b can extend radially inward from the bore openings 116 a,b, and thepipe coupling 100 can accommodate pipes of larger outer diameter thanthe pipe elements 210, 220 shown. The pipe coupling 100 can alsoaccommodate pipe elements having a smaller or larger outer diameter thanthe pipe elements 210, 220 shown. In some aspects, as shown, each of thegrooves 150 a,b provides additional clearance to furthercircumferentially constrict each split ring 132 a,b, which can furthercompress the seals 300 a,b and the gasket bores 318 a,b radially inward.

The accommodation of different outer diameters 217, 227 of the pipeelements 210, 220 can be facilitated by the aforementioned exemplarystructure of the seals 300 a,b. In some aspects, as shown, duringinstallation of the first end ring 130 a to the pipe element 210 theseal 300 a can comprise the outer gasket 600 a, the inner gasket 700 a,and the O-ring 800 a. More specifically, the radially inner surface 701a of the inner gasket 700 a—and the radially inner surface 301 a of theseal 300 a—can guide, compress, and seal against the outer pipe surface212 of the pipe element 210 such that the bore 318 of the seal 300 aeffectively conforms to the outer diameter 217 of the pipe element 210.The ridges 710 a,b,c of the inner gasket 700 a can engage with and lockin a fixed axial position with the grooves 610 a,b,c of the outer gasket600 a. The O-ring 800 a can transfer a compressive load acting on thesplit ring 132 a against the radially outer surface 602 proximate to thesecond axial end 306 a of the seal 300 a through the outer gasket 600 ato the inner gasket 700 a. At the same time, the presence of the cavity650 (shown in FIG. 8 ) and the vacuum-release passages 680 canfacilitate compression of the seal 300 a under a wider range ofdimensions of the outer diameter 217 of the pipe element 210 than wouldbe possible with the seal 300 a defines a solid cross-section throughoutwithout the cavity 650. As a result, a manufacturer, a distributor, anda user of such pipe couplings can fabricate or have available a smallernumber of variations of the seal 300 a,b and the pipe coupling 100(i.e., a smaller inventory of parts) for the various size pipe elements210, 220 that may be encountered. In addition, a user may quickly changebetween diameter ranges without tools and without complete removal ofthe seal 300 a,b from the pipe coupling 100.

In other aspects, also as shown, during installation of the second endring 130 b to the pipe element 220 the seal 300 b can comprise only theouter gasket 600 b and the O-ring 800 b. More specifically, the radiallyinner surface 601 b of the outer gasket 600 b—and the radially innersurface 301 b of the seal 300 b—can guide, compress, and seal againstthe outer pipe surface 222 of the pipe element 220 such that theradially inner surface 601 of the seal 300 b effectively conforms to theouter diameter 227 of the pipe element 220. The grooves 610 a,b,c of theouter gasket 600 b can engage with and through friction lock in an axialposition with the pipe element 220. The O-ring 800 a can transfer acompressive load acting on the split ring 132 a against the radiallyouter surface 602 proximate to the second axial end 306 b of the seal300 b through the outer gasket 600 b to the outer pipe surface 222 ofthe pipe element 220.

In some aspects, as shown, an end 213 of the pipe element 210 and an end223 of the pipe element 220 can define a gap therebetween. In otheraspects, the end 213 of the pipe element 210 and the end 223 of the pipeelement 220 can abut each other. In other aspects, the coupling body 110can accommodate an angle between the pipe axis 201 (shown in FIG. 1 ) ofthe pipe element 210 and the pipe axis 202 (shown in FIG. 1 ) of thepipe element 220. When the inner gasket 700 b is absent, as reflected inFIG. 15 , the grooves 610 a,b,c of the outer gasket 600 b can functionas stress concentrators by reducing the contact area between the outergasket 600 b and the pipe element 220, including by encouraging thegasket to flow into and around any irregularities in the outer pipesurface 222 of the pipe element 220.

A method of using the pipe coupling 100 can comprise comparing theminimum inner diameter 317 of the first seal 300 a of the pipe coupling100 to an outer diameter 217 of the pipe element 210 to which the pipecoupling 100 can be assembled. The method can comprise disposing thefirst seal 300 a within the first split ring 132 a of the pipe coupling100. The method can comprise compressing the first seal 300 a radiallyinward in a compressed state of the pipe coupling 100. The method cancomprise removing the first inner gasket 700 a from the first seal 300 aand, more specifically, from the first outer gasket 600 a.

The method of using the pipe coupling 100 can comprise assembling thepipe coupling 100 to the pipe element 210, 220 such that the radiallyinward surface of the outer gasket 600 contacts the outer pipe surface212, 222 of the pipe element 210, 220. The method can comprisere-assembling the inner gasket 700 to the outer gasket 600 of the seal300.

The method of using the pipe coupling 100 can further comprise comparingthe inner diameter 317 of the second seal 300 b of the pipe coupling 100to the outer diameter 227 of the second pipe element 220 to which thepipe coupling 100 can be assembled. The method can comprise disposingthe second seal 300 b within the second split ring 132 b of the pipecoupling 100. The method can comprise compressing the second seal 300 bradially inward in a compressed state of the pipe coupling 100. Themethod can comprise removing the second inner gasket 700 b from thesecond seal 300 b and, more specifically, from the second outer gasket600 b. The method can comprise reattaching the second inner gasket 700 bto the second seal 300 b and, more specifically, to the second outergasket 600 b. The method can comprise installing the seal 300 a,b withboth, either, or neither of the seals 300 a,b fully assembled.

The tensioner 176 of the bar linkage 170 can control the position of thebar linkage 170 and the tension of the split rings 132 a,b. In theengaged position (shown in FIG. 1 ), the first bar 172 a can be drawntowards the second bar 172 b in the tensioning direction 104, therebybringing the first bar ends 174 a,b towards one another to reduce thedistance D1 (shown in FIG. 5 ) and the second bar ends 174 c,d towardsone another to reduce the distance D2 (also shown in FIG. 5 ). Movementof the bar ends 174 a,b,c,d can be transferred through the ball joints740 a,b,c,d and adjacent end ring joints 140 a,b,c,d to the respectivering ends 138 a,b,c,d. As a result, reducing the distance D1 between thefirst bar ends 174 a,b can reduce the gap defined between the first ringend 138 a and the second ring end 138 b, thereby circumferentiallyconstricting the first split ring 132 a around the first seal 300 a.Similarly, reducing the distance D2 between the second bar ends 174 c,dcan reduce the gap defined between the first ring end 138 c and thesecond ring end 138 d, thereby circumferentially constricting the secondsplit ring 132 b around the second seal 300 b. As previously discussed,circumferentially constricting the split rings 132 a,b around the seals300 a,b can compress the seals 300 a,b radially inward to form a sealwith the outer pipe surfaces 212, 222 of the respective pipe elements210, 220.

The engagement between the curved surfaces 522, 528 of the washer 518and the nut 524, respectively, and the curved surfaces 530 a,b of thebars 172 a,b, respectively, can allow the tensioner 176 to pivotrelative to each of the bars 172 a,b. The taper of bar bores throughwhich the fastener 510 can extend can provide clearance for the fastener510 to pivot relative to each of the bars 172 a,b. The balls 370 a,b,c,dcan each engage the concave sockets 340 a,b,c,d of the adjacent end ringjoints 140 a,b,c,d; however in other aspects, the end ring joints 140a,b,c,d can define the balls 370 a,b,c,d and the bars 172 a,b can definethe concave sockets 340 a,b,c,d.

Each pair of engaged balls 370 a,b,c,d and concave sockets 340 a,b,c,dcan define the ball joint 740 a,b,c,d. The ball joints 740 a,b,c,d canpermit the bars 172 a,b to pivot relative to the end ring joints 140a,b,c,d and the end rings 130 a,b. In the present aspect, the balljoints 740 a,b,c,d can be open ball joints 740 a,b,c,d, which can permitthe balls 370 a,b,c,d to be disengaged from the concave sockets 340a,b,c,d, such as to remove the bar linkage 170 from the end rings 130a,b. In other aspects, the ball joints 740 a,b,c,d can be captured balljoints which do not permit the balls 370 a,b,c,d to be disengaged fromthe concave sockets 340 a,b,c,d.

Pivoting of the tensioner 176 relative to the bars 172 a,b and of thebars 172 a,b relative to the end rings 130 a,b can self-balance tensionbetween the first split ring 132 a and the second split ring 132 b toprovide uniform hoop stress through each split ring 132 a,b and equalcompression of each seal 300 a,b. For example, if the first split ring132 a momentarily experiences greater hoop stress than the second splitring 132 b, the ball joints 740 a,b proximate to the first split ring132 a can momentarily act as stationary pivots. A torque provided by thetensioner 176 can act around the ball joints 740 a,b to draw the firstring end 138 c towards the second ring end 138 d of the second splitring 132 b until hoop stress can be equalized between the split rings132 a,b.

Similarly, including when the outer diameter 227 of the second pipeelement 220 is larger than the outer diameter 217 of the first pipeelement 210, the bars 172 a,b can pivot relative to the tensioner 176 toequalize hoop stress between the split rings 132 a,b. In such anapplication, the distance D1 can be smaller than the distance D2, andthe gap between the ends 138 a,b can be smaller than the gap between theends 138 c,d. The bars 172 a,b can angle inwards from the first bar ends174 a,b towards the second bar ends 174 c,d. The pipe coupling 100therefore can provide the advantage of coupling two pipe elements 210,220 of different outer diameters 217, 227.

Another advantage of the pipe coupling 100 can be that the pipe coupling100 can be attached and sealed to two pipe elements 210, 220 to form thepipe connection assembly 200 by tightening the single fastener 510.Other pipe couplings typically require the tightening of two or morefasteners to form the pipe connection assembly 200. Tightening multiplefasteners can require additional time to install the couplings.Additionally, limited access can make it difficult to reach and tightenmultiple fasteners in some installations, such as when installing apipeline in a trench. Additionally, if the fasteners of a coupling aretightened to different torque levels, the seals between the coupling andthe pipe lengths can be compromised due to unequal compressive stresseswithin the gaskets. Unequal compressive stresses can lead to wrinkles orkinks within the seals or gaskets, which can comprise the seal providedand result in leaks.

In some aspects, the seal 300 or any portion thereof can comprise anelastomeric sealing material such as, for example and withoutlimitation, Buna-N rubber (i.e., nitrile), ethylene propylene dienemonomer (EPDM) rubber, or silicone. In other aspects, the seal 300 orany portion thereof can comprise a non-elastomeric material. In someaspects, the seal 300 or any portion thereof can have a materialhardness in a range of about 50 to about 100 on the Shore A scale. Insome aspects, the seal 300 or any portion thereof can have a materialhardness in a range of about 70 to about 80 on the Shore A scale. Insome aspects, the seal 300 or any portion thereof can have a materialhardness of about 75 on the Shore A scale. In some aspects, the seal 300or any portion thereof can have a material hardness of greater thanabout 100 or less than about 50 on the Shore A scale.

In some aspects, portions of the pipe coupling 100 can comprise a metalsuch as steel, a resin such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), orany other material having desirable properties. Portions of the pipecoupling 100 can be formed through subtractive manufacturing or additivemanufacturing. Portions of the pipe coupling 100 can be molded or cast.

One should note that conditional language, such as, among others, “can,”“could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, orotherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intendedto convey that certain aspects include, while other aspects do notinclude, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditionallanguage is not generally intended to imply that features, elementsand/or steps are in any way required for one or more particular aspectsor that one or more particular aspects necessarily comprise logic fordeciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether thesefeatures, elements and/or steps are included or are to be performed inany particular aspect.

It should be emphasized that the above-described aspects are merelypossible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clearunderstanding of the principles of the present disclosure. Any processdescriptions or blocks in flow diagrams should be understood asrepresenting modules, segments, or portions of code which comprise oneor more executable instructions for implementing specific logicalfunctions or steps in the process, and alternate implementations areincluded in which functions may not be included or executed at all, maybe executed out of order from that shown or discussed, includingsubstantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on thefunctionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonablyskilled in the art of the present disclosure. Many variations andmodifications may be made to the above-described aspect(s) withoutdeparting substantially from the spirit and principles of the presentdisclosure. Further, the scope of the present disclosure is intended tocover any and all combinations and sub-combinations of all elements,features, and aspects discussed above. All such modifications andvariations are intended to be included herein within the scope of thepresent disclosure, and all possible claims to individual aspects orcombinations of elements or steps are intended to be supported by thepresent disclosure.

That which is claimed is:
 1. A pipe coupling comprising: a coupling bodydefining a first body end and a second body end distal from the firstbody end, a coupling bore defined by and extending through the couplingbody from the first body end to the second body end; an end ringattached to the coupling body proximate to the first body end, the endring comprising: a split ring defining a first ring end, a second ringend, and a radially inner surface; and a seal disposed within the splitring, the split ring configured to compress the seal radially inward ina compressed state of the pipe coupling, the seal comprising: an outergasket defining a radially outer surface and a radially inner surface,the radially inner surface of the outer gasket defining a plurality ofgrooves, each of a first side surface and a second side surface of a oneof the plurality of grooves angled in cross-section with respect to aradial direction of the outer gasket towards a first axial end of theseal when the outer gasket is in an uncompressed state; and an innergasket separably joined to the outer gasket, the inner gasket defining aradially outer surface, the radially outer surface of the inner gasketdefining a plurality of ridges engaged with the plurality of grooves ofthe outer gasket, each of a first side surface and a second side surfaceof a first ridge of the plurality of ridges angled in cross-section withrespect to a radial direction of the inner gasket towards the firstaxial end of the seal when the inner gasket is in an uncompressed state,the radially outer surface of the inner gasket contacting the radiallyinner surface of the outer gasket; and a fastener configured to draw thefirst ring end of the split ring towards the second ring end of thesplit ring.
 2. The pipe coupling of claim 1, wherein each of a firstside surface and a second side surface of a second ridge of theplurality of ridges is angled in cross-section with respect to theradial direction of the inner gasket towards a second axial end of theseal when the inner gasket is in the uncompressed state.
 3. The pipecoupling of claim 1, wherein the plurality of ridges of the inner gasketfurther comprises a third ridge.
 4. The pipe coupling of claim 1,wherein a radially inner surface of the inner gasket defines a conicalshape.
 5. The pipe coupling of claim 1, wherein the end ring is a firstend ring, the split ring is a first split ring, the seal is a firstseal, and the outer gasket is a first outer gasket; the coupling furthercomprising a second end ring attached to the coupling body proximate tothe second body end, the second end ring comprising: a second split ringdefining a first ring end, a second ring end, and a radially innersurface; and a second seal disposed within the split ring, the splitring configured to compress the second seal radially inward in acompressed state of the pipe coupling, the second seal comprising asecond outer gasket defining a radially outer surface and a radiallyinner surface, the radially inner surface of the second outer gasketdefining a plurality of grooves, each of a first side surface and asecond side surface of a one of the plurality of grooves of the secondouter gasket angled in cross-section with respect to a radial directionof the second outer gasket towards a first axial end of the second sealwhen the second outer gasket is in an uncompressed state.
 6. A method ofusing the pipe coupling of claim 1, the method comprising: comparing aninner diameter of the seal of the pipe coupling to an outer diameter ofa pipe element to which the pipe coupling is to be assembled; andremoving the inner gasket from the seal.
 7. The method of claim 6,further comprising assembling the pipe coupling to the pipe element suchthat the radially inner surface of the outer gasket contacts a radiallyoutermost surface of the pipe element.
 8. The method of claim 6, furthercomprising re-assembling the inner gasket to the outer gasket of theseal.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the pipe element is a first pipeelement, the seal is a first seal, the split ring is a first split ring,the outer gasket is a first outer gasket, and the inner gasket is afirst inner gasket; the first seal positioned proximate to a first axialend of the pipe coupling, the pipe coupling further comprising a secondseal positioned proximate to a second axial end of the pipe coupling;the method further comprising: comparing an inner diameter of the secondseal of the pipe coupling to an outer diameter of a second pipe elementto which the pipe coupling is to be assembled, the second seal disposedwithin a second split ring of the pipe coupling, the second split ringconfigured to compress the second seal radially inward in a compressedstate of the pipe coupling, the second seal comprising: a second outergasket defining a radially outer surface and a radially inner surface,the radially inner surface of the second outer gasket defining aplurality of grooves, each of a first side surface and a second sidesurface of a one of the plurality of grooves of the second outer gasketangled in cross-section with respect to a radial direction of the secondouter gasket towards a first axial end of the second seal when thesecond outer gasket is in an uncompressed state; and a second innergasket separably joined to the second outer gasket, the second innergasket defining a radially outer surface, the radially outer surface ofthe second inner gasket defining a plurality of ridges, each of a firstside surface and a second side surface of a first ridge of the pluralityof ridges of the second inner gasket angled in cross-section withrespect to a radial direction of the second inner gasket towards a firstaxial end of the second inner gasket when the second inner gasket is inan uncompressed state, the radially outer surface of the second innergasket contacting the radially inner surface of the second outer gasket;and removing the second inner gasket from the second seal.
 10. A sealfor a pipe coupling, the seal comprising: an outer gasket defining aradially inner surface, the radially inner surface defining a pluralityof grooves; and an inner gasket separably joined to the outer gasket,the inner gasket defining a radially outer surface, the radially outersurface defining a plurality of ridges, each of the plurality of ridgesextending radially outward relative to an axis of the inner gasket, theplurality of ridges comprising: a first ridge, each of a first sidesurface and a second side surface of the first ridge angled incross-section with respect to a radial direction of the inner gaskettowards a first axial end of the inner gasket when the inner gasket isin an uncompressed state; and a second ridge, each of a first sidesurface and a second side surface of the second ridge angled incross-section with respect to the radial direction of the inner gaskettowards a second axial end of the inner gasket when the inner gasket isin the uncompressed state; wherein the radially outer surface of theinner gasket contacts the radially inner surface of the outer gasket.11. The seal of claim 10, wherein a radially inner surface of the innergasket defines a conical shape.
 12. The seal of claim 11, wherein theradially inner surface of the inner gasket defines a first conicalportion and a second conical portion, a taper angle of the first conicalportion being greater than a taper angle of the second conical portion,each of the first conical portion and the second conical portion beingangled with respect to the axis of the inner gasket when the innergasket is in the uncompressed state.
 13. The seal of claim 10, whereinthe plurality of ridges of the inner gasket further comprises a thirdridge.
 14. The seal of claim 13, wherein each of a first side surfaceand a second side surface of the third ridge is angled in cross-sectionwith respect to the radial direction of the inner gasket towards a oneof the first axial end and the second axial end of the inner gasket whenthe inner gasket is in the uncompressed state.
 15. The seal of claim 10,wherein a one of the outer gasket and the inner gasket of the seal has amaterial hardness of less than or equal to about 75 on the Shore Ascale.
 16. A pipe coupling comprising: a coupling body defining a firstbody end and a second body end, a coupling bore defined in and extendingthrough the coupling body from the first body end to the second bodyend; a first end ring attached to the first body end, the first end ringcomprising a first seal and a first split ring, the first seal disposedwithin the first split ring, the first split ring defining a first ringend and a second ring end, the first split ring configured to compressthe first seal radially inward in a tensioned state; a second end ringattached to the second body end, the second end ring comprising a secondseal and a second split ring, the second seal disposed within the secondsplit ring, the second split ring defining a first ring end and a secondring end, the second split ring configured to compress the second sealradially inward in a tensioned state; and a bar linkage comprising: afirst bar configured to be oriented parallel to an axis of the pipecoupling, at least when the pipe coupling couples pipes of equaldiameter, and span two end rings thereof; a second bar configured to beoriented parallel to the axis of the pipe coupling, at least when thepipe coupling couples pipes of equal diameter, and span the two endrings thereof; and a tensioner joining the first bar to the second barin an assembled condition of the bar linkage and configured to draw thefirst bar towards the second bar, the first bar and the second bar ableto be angled with respect to each other and with respect to the axis ofthe pipe couple in a tightened condition of the pipe coupling, at leastwhen the pipe coupling couples pipes of unequal diameter; each of thefirst bar and the second bar intersecting an axis of the tensioner, thebar linkage installable in and removable from the pipe coupling in theassembled condition; and wherein the bar linkage is engaged with thefirst end ring and the second end ring, the first bar extending betweenthe first ring end of the first end ring and the first ring end of thesecond end ring and the second bar extending between the second ring endof the first end ring and the second ring end of the second end ring.17. The pipe of claim 16, wherein each end of each of the first bar andthe second bar defines a cutout in a radially inward facing surface ofthe respective each of the first bar and the second bar, the cutoutconfigured to receive at least a portion of an end ring of the pipecoupling.
 18. A method of using the pipe coupling of claim 16, furthercomprising: tightening the tensioner of the bar linkage; drawing thefirst bar and the second bar together in a tensioning direction;engaging the first end ring and the second end ring with each of thefirst bar and the second bar; and balancing a tension generated by thetensioner between the first end ring and the second end ring.
 19. Themethod of claim 18, further comprising compressing each of the firstseal of the first end ring and the second seal of the second end ringequally when the pipe coupling is in an engaged position with each oftwo pipe elements, the first end ring engaged with a first pipe elementof the two pipe elements and the second end ring engaged with a secondpipe element of the two pipe elements.
 20. The pipe of claim 16, whereineach of the first bar and the second bar is configured to contact thepipe coupling at only the end rings thereof.
 21. The pipe of claim 20,wherein the first bar and the second bar define a space and a distancetherebetween, the space configured to not be occupied by any portion ofthe pipe coupling in a tightened condition of the pipe coupling exceptproximate to the end rings thereof.
 22. A pipe coupling comprising: acoupling body defining a first body end and a second body end, acoupling bore defined in and extending through the coupling body fromthe first body end to the second body end; a first end ring attached tothe first body end, the first end ring comprising a first seal and afirst split ring, the first seal disposed within the first split ring,the first split ring defining a first ring end and a second ring end,the first split ring configured to compress the first seal radiallyinward in a tensioned state; a second end ring attached to the secondbody end, the second end ring comprising a second seal and a secondsplit ring, the second seal disposed within the second split ring, thesecond split ring defining a first ring end and a second ring end, thesecond split ring configured to compress the second seal radially inwardin a tensioned state; and a bar linkage comprising: a first barconfigured to be oriented parallel to an axis of the pipe coupling andspan two end rings thereof; a second bar configured to be orientedparallel to the axis of the pipe coupling and span the two end ringsthereof; and a tensioner joining the first bar to the second bar andconfigured to draw the first bar towards the second bar; each of thefirst bar and the second bar intersecting an axis of the tensioner;wherein the bar linkage is engaged with the first end ring and thesecond end ring, the first bar extending between the first ring end ofthe first end ring and the first ring end of the second end ring and thesecond bar extending between the second ring end of the first end ringand the second ring end of the second end ring.
 23. The bar linkage ofclaim 22, wherein each end of each of the first bar and the second bardefines a cutout in a radially inward facing surface of the respectiveeach of the first bar and the second bar, the cutout configured toreceive at least a portion of an end ring of the pipe coupling.
 24. Amethod of using the pipe coupling of claim 22, further comprising:tightening the tensioner of the bar linkage; drawing the first bar andthe second bar together in a tensioning direction; engaging the firstend ring and the second end ring with each of the first bar and thesecond bar; and balancing a tension generated by the tensioner betweenthe first end ring and the second end ring.
 25. The method of claim 24,further comprising compressing each of the first seal of the first endring and the second seal of the second end ring equally when the pipecoupling is in an engaged position with each of two pipe elements, thefirst end ring engaged with a first pipe element of the two pipeelements and the second end ring engaged with a second pipe element ofthe two pipe elements.